Behavioral, environmental, and climatic factors associated with dengue hemorrhagic fever incidence in Limboto District, Gorontalo, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70347/svsthya.v2i5.119Keywords:
Dengue virus, infectious disease, physical environment, vector-borne disease, climate changesAbstract
Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) remains endemic in Southeast Asia, with Indonesia reporting more than 131,000 cases and 1,135 deaths in 2022. In 2019, Gorontalo Province ranked fourth nationally in terms of incidence rate (101.53 per 100,000 population), with Gorontalo Regency accounting for 31.4% of the provincial cases in 2021. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with the incidence of dengue fever in the Limboto Health Center Working Area, Gorontalo Regency, in 2022. A cross-sectional research design was used. The research was conducted from April to July 2022 in the working area of the Limboto Health Center. The population and sample were people who lived in Limboto District, with 124 respondents. Simple random sampling was used. The independent variables were knowledge, attitude, action, water reservoir, air temperature, air humidity, and occupancy density. The dependent variable was the incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever. The research instruments used were questionnaires, observation sheets, and hygrometers. The data were processed using univariate and bivariate analyses with SPSS at the 95% confidence level (p<0.05). Among the 124 participants, 33.1% (n=41) reported DHF infection during the study period. Chi-square analyses revealed no statistically significant associations between DHF incidence and knowledge (p=0.499, χ²=0.456), attitudes (p=0.526, χ²=0.401), preventive actions (p=1.000, χ²=0.000), water storage practices (p=0.763, χ²=0.091), ambient temperature (p=0.688, χ²=0.161), humidity (p=1.000, χ²=0.000), or household density (p=0.788, χ²=0.072). All p-values exceeded the 0.05 significance threshold, indicating insufficient evidence to reject the null hypotheses. No factors were significantly associated with DHF incidence in this cross-sectional analysis.
Downloads
References
Fentia L. The relationship between physical environmental factors and family behavior toward the incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in the working area of Payung Sekaki Health Center, Pekanbaru City. Menara Ilmu 2017;11:230-8. https://doi.org/10.33559/mi.v11i76.447.
WHO. Dengue and severe dengue. Fact Sheet Update 2023. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dengue-and-severe-dengue. Accessed: July 13, 2025.
Brady OJ, Gething PW, Bhatt S, Messina JP, Brownstein JS, Hoen AG, et al. The global burden of dengue and its trends from 1990 to 2019: A systematic analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 2021;21:1078-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30470-9.
Bhatt S, Gething PW, Brady OJ, Messina JP, Farlow AW, Moyes CL, et al. Dengue resurgence and global health implications in the post-COVID-19 era. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023;21:421-34. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-023-00884-3.
Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia. Dengue situation in Indonesia in 2022. Jakarta: Ministry of Health RI; 2023. https://pusdatin.kemkes.go.id. Accessed: July 13, 2025.
Syafrudin D, Asih PBS, Rozi IE, Permana DH, Nur Hidayati AP, Syahrani L, et al. Dengue epidemiology in Indonesia: Current status and challenges. Front Public Health 2020;8:585074. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.585074.
Yudhastuti R, Saraswati LD, Ginandjar P, Martini M, Udijono A, Nadjib M. Environmental and sociodemographic factors associated with dengue incidence in Indonesia: A systematic review. BMC Public Health 2021;21:2205. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12252-7.
Nasution AN, Arisanti RR, Andayani LS, Wistiani W, Susanto I, Triyana SY, et al. Impact of climate variability and environmental sanitation on dengue incidence in Indonesia. Parasit Vectors 2022;15:72. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-022-05219-1.
Gorontalo Provincial Health Office. The incidence of dengue fever was reported in Gorontalo in 2021.
Sari DM, Sarumpaet SM, Hiswani. Determinants of dengue fever (DHF) incidence in Medan Tembung District. Pena Medika Health J 2019;8:925. https://doi.org/10.31941/pmjk.v8i1.745.
Notoatmodjo S. Health education and behavior (Rev. Ed.). Jakarta: Rineka Cipta; 2014.
Silva ALC, Montenegro MM, Araújo KCGM, Santos LRS, Pereira MC, Santos SRF, et al. Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) and risk factors on dengue fever among children in Fortaleza, Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023;17:e0011110. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011110.
Zhao H, Zhang FC, Zhu Q, Wang J, Hong WX, Zhao LZ, et al. Determination of factors affecting dengue occurrence in representative areas of China: Principal component regression analysis. Front Public Health 2020;8:603872. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.603872.
Phommachanh S, Essink DR, Wright EP, Broerse JEW, Mayxay M. Association between environmental factors and dengue incidence in Lao PDR: A nationwide time-series study. BMC Public Health 2023;23:17277. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-17277-0.
Kumar R, Ramesh S, George L. Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding dengue fever among adults in Kerala, India. J Family Med Prim Care 2020;9:4823-8. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_882_20.
Rosenstock IM. Historical origins of the Health Belief Model. Health Educ Monogr 1974;2:328-35. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019817400200403.
Hairi F, Ong CHS, Suhaimi A, Tsung TW, Anis AM, Sundaraj C, et al. A knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) study on dengue among selected urban, semiurban and rural communities in Malaysia. Trop Med Int Health 2003;8:605-10. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3156.2003.01028.x.
Capeding MR, Brion JD, Caponpon MM, Gatchalian SR. The burden of dengue in the Philippines and the need for early diagnosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2010;82:971-7. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0506.
Pacheco C. The relationship between knowledge and attitudes of the community with the prevention of draining, burying and closing (3M) program against dengue hemorragic fever in Aimutin Village, Comoro Village, Dom Aleixo Subdistrict, Dili District. J Health LLDIKTI Region 1 (JUKES) 2021;1:41-50. https://doi.org/10.54076/jukes.v1i2.74
Parmar R, Parihar R, Rebuma T, Pal M. Chandipura viral encephalitis: A re-emerging threat to public health and regional security in South Asia. Svāsthya Trends Gen Med Public Health. 2025;2(2):e82. https://doi.org/10.70347/svsthya.v2i2.82
Ruminem, Tandirogang N, Rahayu AP, Kadir A. Tropical disease module. 1st ed. Gunawana Lestari; 2020. https://repository.unmul.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/6195/modul penyakit tropis09-01.revisi.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.
Singh P, Kumar A, Singh S, Kelkar H, Saini P, Aggarwal S, et al. Socioecological predictors of dengue in high incidence area of Delhi, India. Sci Rep 2024;14:17005. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-67909-7.
Phuanukoonnon S, Brough M, Bryan JH. Folk knowledge about dengue mosquitoes and contributions of health belief model in dengue control promotion in northeast Thailand. Acta Trop 2006;99:6-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2006.05.012.
Nguyen TH, Hoang VM, Le TT. Dengue knowledge, attitudes and practices and associated factors in northern Vietnam. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019;13:e0007699. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007699.
De Souza VB, Nunes PCG, da Silva JP. Sociodemographic determinants and dengue preventive practices: Evidence from Brazil. BMC Public Health 2020;20:1124. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09200-1.
Kamidi P, Indriyati E, Damanik H. Overview of Aedes aegypti mosquito litter control efforts and litter density in the One Ulu Health Center Area, Seberang Ulu I District, Palembang City 2020. J Dunia Kesmas 2020;9:449-56. https://ejurnalmalahayati.ac.id/index.php/duniakesmas/article/view/3298.
Priyoto. Changes in health behavior concepts and applications. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu; 2015.
Focks DA, Brenner RJ, Hayes J, Daniels E. Transmission thresholds for dengue in terms of Aedes aegypti pupae per person with discussion of their utility in source reduction efforts. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2000;62:11-8. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2000.62.11.
Erlanger TE, Keiser J, Utzinger J. Effect of dengue vector control interventions on entomological parameters in developing countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Med Vet Entomol 2008;22:203-21. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2915.2008.00740.x.
Bowman LR, Donegan S, McCall PJ. Is dengue vector control deficient in effectiveness or evidence? Systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016;10:e0004551. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004551.
Adnyana IMDM, Surya A. Strategy to control and eradicate dengue hemorrhagic fever vectors in Bali. Int J Public Health Sci (IJPHS) 2023;12:27-34. http://doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v12i1.22201.
Adnyana IMDM, Utomo B, Sulistiawati S, Adiwinoto RP, Sudaryati NLG. Climate matters: Integrating bioclimatology into dengue vector control within the One Health framework. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2025. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/1729.
Adnyana IMDM, Utomo B. Dengue elimination challenges in Bali: A One Health perspective. Natl J Community Med 2023;14:626-33. https://doi.org/10.55489/njcm.140820233034.
Apriyani, Marwoto HA, Kurniawan E, Paulina E, Trisnawati E. Environmental sanitation and the presence of Aedes sp larvae with the incidence of dengue fever in Banguntapan Bantul. J Community Med Public Health 2017;33:79-84. https://doi.org/10.22146/bkm.12704.
Dewi IGAAWK, Adiwinoto RP, Rokhmadhoni Pikir R, Rusli C, Biutifasari V, Diah Utami P. Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of dengue hemorrhagic fever severity in Indonesian pediatric patients: A Single-center retrospective study. Svāsthya Trends Gen Med Public Health, 2025;2:e104. https://doi.org/10.70347/svsthya.v2i4.104
Brady OJ, Golding N, Pigott DM, Kraemer MUG, Messina JP, Reiner RC Jr, et al. Global temperature constraints on Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus persistence and competence for dengue virus transmission. Parasit Vectors 2014;7:338. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-338.
Mordecai EA, Cohen JM, Evans MV, Gudapati P, Johnson LR, Lippi CA, et al. Detecting the impact of temperature on transmission of Zika, dengue, and chikungunya using mechanistic models. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017;11:e0005568. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005568.
Liu Z, Zhang Q, Li L, He J, Guo J, Wang Z, et al. The effect of temperature on dengue virus transmission by Aedes mosquitoes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023;13:1320461. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1320461.
Tjaden NB, Thomas MB, Fischer D, Beierkuhnlein C. Extrinsic incubation period of dengue: Knowledge, backlog, and applications of temperature dependence. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013;7:e2207. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002207.
Tumey A, Kaunang WPJ, Asrifuddin A. Relationship between climate variability and the incidence of dengue fever (DHF) in Talaud Islands Regency 2018-June 2020. J KESMAS 2020;9:7. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/kesmas/article/view/31607
Cheng, Y., Cheng, R., Xu, T. Integrating meteorological data and hybrid intelligent models for dengue fever prediction. BMC Public Health 2025;25:1516. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22375-2
Putri, Surahma AM, Respati SH. Relationship between education level and community knowledge with dengue fever prevention behavior in Kemiri Village, Jayakerta District, Karawang in 2016. Magna Medika 2020;1:4.
Lahdji A, Putra BM. Relationships between rainfall, temperature, and humidity and dengue fever cases in Semarang City. 2017.
Murdock CC, Evans MV, McClanahan TD, Miazgowicz KL, Tesla B. Fine-scale variation in microclimate across an urban landscape shapes variation in mosquito population dynamics and the potential of Aedes albopictus to transmit arboviral disease. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017;11:e0005640. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005640.
Carrington LB, Seifert SN, Willits NH, Lambrechts L, Scott TW. Large diurnal temperature fluctuations negatively influence Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) life-history traits. J Med Entomol 2013;50:43-51. https://doi.org/10.1603/ME11242.
Lambrechts L, Paaijmans KP, Fansiri T, Carrington LB, Willits NH, Kramer LD, et al. Impact of daily temperature fluctuations on dengue virus transmission by Aedes aegypti. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2011;108:7460-5. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1101377108.
Abu AEI, Becker M, Accoti A, Sylla M, Dickson LB. Low humidity enhances Zika virus infection and dissemination in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. mSphere 2024;9:8. https://doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00401-24.
Sauer FG, Kiel E, Lühken R. Effects of mosquito resting site temperatures on the estimation of pathogen development rates in near-natural habitats in Germany. Parasit Vectors 2022;15:390. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-022-05505-2.
Hendayani N, Faturrahman Y, Aisyah IS. Relationships between environmental factors and 3 M Plus habits and the incidence of dengue fever (DHF) in the Manonjaya Health Center Working Area. Indones J Community Health 2022;18:406-15. https://doi.org/10.37058/jkki.v18i1.4729
Ariani P. Dengue fever Volume 1. Yogyakarta: Nuha Medika; 2016.
Phimmasone K, Soulalay O, Xayavong S. Knowledge, attitude and practice toward dengue fever among urban residents in Lao PDR. BMC Public Health 2017;17:951. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4991-5.
Chandren JR, Wong LP, AbuBakar S. Practices of dengue prevention and the associated factors among the Orang Asli in Peninsular Malaysia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015;9:e0003954. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003954.
Bowman LR, Donegan S, McCall PJ. Is dengue vector control deficient in effectiveness or evidence? Syst Rev 2016;5:188. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-016-0366-3.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Marselia Sandalayuk, Zul Adhayani Arda, Sunarti Hanapi, Wahyuni Hafid, Ririn Pakaya, Franning Deisi Badu, Maria Kanan, Daud Sandalayuk, Julfa Baba (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
This license enables reusers to copy and distribute the material in any medium or format in unadapted form only, for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator.
